Ethical and Professional Implications Essay - 1261 Words

Ethical and Professional Implications The autonomy of a competent patient is an issue not often debated in medical ethics. Refusal of unwanted treatment is a basic right, likened to the common law of battery, available to all people capable of a competent choice. These fundamental rules of medical ethics entered a completely new forum as medical technology developed highly effective life-sustaining care during the 20th century. Several watershed cases elucidated these emerging issues in the 1960’s and 70’s, none more effectively than that of Karen Ann Quinlan. Fundamentally, this case established that a once-competent patient without the possibility of recovery could have their autonomy exercised by a surrogate in regard to the†¦show more content†¦The case of Karen Ann Quinlan led to four basic approaches to this ethical problem; advance directives or other clear evidence of the patients wishes while competent, surrogate decision making (power of attorney), and action in the patients best inte rest. Each solution has deficiencies both in theory and practice, but there can be no debate that their application has changed the landscape of medical ethics. The advance directive, or living will, is one way of circumventing the ethical dilemma of Quinlan, as it is essentially a set of choices by the competent patient if faced with different hypothetical circumstances. Patients can thus feel comfortable knowing that their competent wishes have been documented and can be easily interpreted in case of catastrophe. However, the authority of advance directives is a topic hotly debated amongst medical ethicists (see Advance Directive Authority). Arguments against directives state that not all factors are considered by the person creating the advance order. Also, in some cases of severe dementia, it is argued that the personal identity of the author is no longer intact and therefore has no authority over the treatment of the â€Å"new† person. The debate on this topic is extremely complex, but many of today’s cases are decided on an individual basis, with the directive often being upheld. A more efficient method of conveying incompetent patient wishes is byShow MoreRelatedThe Ethical And Legal Implication Of Consent On Nursing And Professional Practice1356 Words   |  6 Pagesto the use of public services; while other rules will focus and apply only to specific groups of individuals such as healthcare professionals. The aim of this assignment is to discuss the concept of consent in relation to the role of the nurse, with the purpose to demonstrate the ethical and legal implication of consent on nursing and professional practice. Professional relationships with patients and the developments in standard of care have made law paramount to the study and practice of nursingRead MoreThe Ethical, Legal And Professional Implications That May Arise When Dealing With Patients And Patient s Family2943 Words   |  12 Pagesand discuss the ethical, legal and professional implications that may arise when dealing with patients and patient’s family. The essay will especially focus on ethical principles, statue law, duty of care and professional values under the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC, 2008) as well as the Code of Conduct and the importance of multi-disciplinary team (MDT) working in health and social care settings. In the United Kingdom all nurses and Midwives are governed by a professional body called NursingRead MoreThe Legal And Ethical Implications Of Therapy Nurses898 Words   |  4 Pages Stomal therapy nurses are faced with many legal and ethical implications within their practice. In such a bu sy and autonomous role, stomal therapy nurses may not be fully aware of the legal, and ethical implications that do exist within their practice. Nurses do not set out to find themselves in court, or to cause their patients harm. Generally nurses want to help others, and by being aware of legal and ethical issues within their practice, they may protect themselves from litigation, and theirRead MorePatient Confidentiality Essay926 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Patient Confidentiality: Ethical Implications to Nursing Practice Patient Confidentiality: Ethical Implications to Nursing Practice Patient confidentiality is a fundamental practice in healthcare and it is integral part of healthcare ethical standards (Purtilo Dougherty, 2010). According to the American Nurses Association (ANA) code of ethics â€Å"the nurse has a duty to maintain confidentiality of all patient information† (Nursing world, p.6). Also, when a patient confidentialityRead MoreCybercrime And The Fight Against Cybercrime1227 Words   |  5 Pagesovershadowed the debate on the ethical, social and legal issues that have accompanied the advent of information systems (Schell Martin, 2004). In particular, while many people are aware of cybercrime, very few understand its far-reaching implications. For this reason, this discussion will focus on exploring cybercrime, with a special focus on its legal, ethical and social impacts. In doing so, it will also comment on the responsibilities that computing professionals must undertake in the fight againstRead MoreThe technology of Australian time The bionic Ear1000 Words   |  4 Pages Ethical Aspects There are numerous ethical implications related to the cochlear implant technology. This section will discuss two prime ethical issues surrounding the technology: is it ethical for parents to make the decision on behalf of their child to receive the Bionic Ear implant? Ethics and Technology Additional to the ethical implications faced by parents when contemplating to perform cochlear implant surgery on their child, the technology itself poses many ethical implications onRead MoreCoaching Ethics : Making Ethical Decisions960 Words   |  4 Pagesfor this week is titled, Coaching ethics: Making ethical decisions--novices and experts by Dr. Jonathan Passmore. This British study was published in The Coaching Psychologist in 2009. I choose this article to discuss based on Dr. Welfel’s discussion in Chapter 12 regarding â€Å"The Ethics of Coaching† where she asked the question â€Å"what constitutes competent and ethical coaching?† regarding coaching as a practice activity for mental health professionals that has emerged fairly recently and has grownRead MoreCase Study Analysis996 Words   |  4 PagesEthical Case Study 2: Sally Goes to School Shanda Woody Montreat College Ethical Case Study 2: Sally Goes to School A fundamental aspect of ethics in counseling is the right to informed consent. Informed consent reflects respect for the client as an individual and promotes self-governing during the counseling process (Pope Melba, 2011). The American Counseling Association Ethical Decision Making Model provides counselors with aRead MoreThe Nurse And The Physician1575 Words   |  7 PagesThe nurse and the physician did not utilize moral reasoning, a process of considering and selecting approaches to resolve ethical issues, when giving information about a â€Å"Do not resuscitate (DNR)† form to the husband of the patient in ICU (Zerwekh, 2013, p. 420). When the physician showed the husband the DNR form, it stated that the physician pointed out what they could do for the patient. In this case, it is perceived that the physician highlighted the parts of the DNR form that would coerce theRead More Conflict Between Therapeutic and Forensic Roles of Psychologists1407 Words   |  6 PagesAb stract The Ethical Principles and Code of Conduct, published by the American Psychological Association are the standard guidelines for all Psychologists. Forensic Psychologists are also informed by Specialty Guidelines for Forensic Psychologist. Psychologists practicing forensic psychology can use these two documents to help clarify ethical questions. This paper will focus on role conflicts specifically in the area of Sex Offender Management and the ethical conflicts that may arise as a result

A Very Old Man With Enormous Wings By Gabriel Garcia Marquez

People do not Accept what they do not Understand. The Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka and A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings by Gabriel Garcia Marquez are both short stories and both stories show us what is magical realism. According to Anne Hegerfeldt, magical realism refers to a mode of writing that may most briefly be characterized as an â€Å"amalgamation of realism and fantasy†. The term in its present sense was first applied to Latin American literature from the 1960s, with Gabriel Garcia Marquez s novel One Hundred Years of Solitude (1967) . What is faith? It Is when you believe in someone. Also, faith is giving up your critical thinking and just believing in something that you don t have proof of, but is your own truth. The short story, A Very Old Man With Enormous Wings, by Gabriel Garcia Marquez, is a critique of how society reacts when they see something different from what they are used to seeing every day. People usually feel fear when they do not have an answer to something they consider supernatural. Society today uses the stereotype to provide life with easy answers. Some stereotypes that we hear in society are: all teenagers are misbehaving ,Mexicans have many children, and all people of color steal. Marquez explains the stereotype using the village people when they see the phenomenon of the angel. This story tells the reader about a Colombian family who are visited by a very mysterious old man with enormous wings. The very old man wasShow MoreRelatedA Very Old Man with Enormous Wings by Gabriel Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquez987 Words   |  4 Pagesthose who live suffering. In â€Å"A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings†, a man, named Pelayo, discovers old man washes up on a beach and a man, named Pelayo, discovers him and then realizes that the old and filthy man is an angel. Pelayo drags the angel to his chicken coop and locks him in for people to pay to witness him. Eventually, the angel grows back his feathers and flies away, relieving the family. In â€Å"A Very Old Man With Enormous Wings† by Gabriel Garcia Marquez, Marquez portrays society’s need to beRead More A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings by Gabriel Garcia Marquez514 Words   |  3 PagesA Very Old Man with Enormous Wings is a story that not only brings imaginary characters into play but also it combines imagination with events that we live everyday. For me, the background of the story is not unfamiliar at all, since the author Gabriel Garcia Marquez was born and raised in Colombia and I found most of the details of the story related to me when I used to live in South America. The magic realism used in this story illustrates many aspects of our society today. The reaction ofRead MoreMagical Realism In Gabriel Garcia-Marquez A Very Old Man With Enormous Wings869 Words   |  4 Pages Imagine where in a perfectly normal world, the unthinkable can come to life yet peopple don’t find it odd that a dead enormous man washes ashore, or a man with wings just appears out of nowhere all of a sudden making your life better without you realising it, or the power of a curandera is stronger than of God and evil itself. Magical realism a genre of writing, that introduces a realistic narrative and naturalistic technique but includes the elements of dreams, and fantasy making it seem completelyRead MoreA Very Old Man with Enormous Wings by Gabriel Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquez1012 Words   |  4 Pagesthrown away at the first sight of difference. Between the two supernatural beings in Gabriel Marquez’s â€Å"A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings†, one gets more kindness and awe from the ordinary people because of her human origins; while the other supernatural being, an old man with wings, is mistreated. The differences between the two being’s origins portray human nature and its detriments. That is the human nature Marquez portrays in the villagers treatment of the two paranormal beings. Treatment of supernaturalRead MoreLiterary Techniques Used in a Very Old Man with Enormous Wings by Gabriel Garcia Marquez508 Words   |  2 PagesLiterary Analysis: â€Å"A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings† In the story, â€Å"A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings,† writer Gabriel Garcia Marquez intertwines the supernatural with the natural in an amazing manner. This essay analyzes how Marquez efficiently utilizes an exceptional style and imaginative tone that requests the reader to do a self-introspection on their life regarding their responses to normal and abnormal events. Marquez sets the tone of the story with an occurrence that is unusual and unsolicited:Read MoreSupernatural Events And Miracles : A Very Old Man With Enormous Wings By Gabriel Garcia Marquez1056 Words   |  5 Pages Supernatural events and miracles are very common in medieval literature.(The History....) In the story â€Å" A very old man with enormous wings† by Gabriel Garcia Marquez uses supernatural to make the story more suspenseful. Supernatural can be in different form and in many things like in people on bones and in certain objects. In some supernatural actives some people have been cursed by whatever they touched. The people that have been cursed have seeked for help to break the cured but some have beenRead More Realistic and Magical Elements of A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings1111 Words   |  5 PagesMagical Elements of A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings      Ã‚   A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings is a renowned short story written by Gabriel Garcia Marquez. It was published in 1955. Gabriel Garcia Marquez was born and spent his childhood in Colombia but has lived in Paris and Mexico. As for the work that made him famous, A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings is considered by most an archetype of Magical Realism. When reading A Very Old Man With Enormous Wings, one comes across manyRead Moreâ€Å"A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings by Gabriel Garcia- Marque995 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings†:Gabriel Garcia- Marquez story â€Å"A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings†, written in 1955, is about a family harboring what is thought to be a fallen old â€Å"angel man†, initially thought to be on his way to take their ailing child away. The angel must have been coming for the child, but the poor fellow is so old that the rain knocked him down (Marquez, 1955). The family not knowing how to treat the situation embarks on a journey of mixed emotions of whether the man isRead MoreMagic Realism in A Very Old Man With Enormous Wings Essay example950 Words   |  4 PagesA Very Old Man with Enormous Wings by Gabriel Garcia Marquez is a complex story about the author’s experience of poverty and hardship during the civil war in Colombia. Throughout Mar quez’s late teen years, Colombia was plagued by social and economic problems. In 1946, Colombia’s problems grew into a violent rebellion that lasted for ten long years. â€Å"The violent war was named La Violencia or The Violence; it became the most bloodshed period in Colombia† (Bailey 4). Marquez’s choice of magic realismRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of A Very Old Man With Enormous Wings1264 Words   |  6 PagesLiterary Analysis: A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings: A Tale for Children â€Å"A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings: A Tale for Children† which was written in 1955 by Gabriel Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquez has been described by many as difficult to understand and hard to follow. Faulkner describes it as having a â€Å"charming (but unsettling) effect† (1) on readers. Raney says that the story leaves most readers not fully understanding it because it uses a â€Å"subtler irony† (108) that â€Å"whispers† (108) to them and that it

Children Should Be Given the Opportunity to Explore and...

Children are naturally curious about the world we live in and are eager to ask questions to develop their understanding. Children should be given the opportunity to explore and discover new ideas for themselves. (Beckley et al, 2009, p. 196) The National Curriculum states that science should be taught in a way that develops the skills, attitudes and ways of working that express their scientific values by be curious, using their imagination, raising questions, working collaborate and performing practical investigations. (https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/national-curriculum accessed on 13.05.2014) By children raising questions within science enables them to develop valuable problem solving skills. Teachers should aim to use†¦show more content†¦There are a variety of ways to encourage children to ask questions; on placement our class has a display board where children are encouraged to list questions that they would like to investigate. This involves the children in the learning process and enables the child to feel like they are taking ownership of their learning. They focus on questions weekly which demonstrates to the children that their questions are important and valued within the classroom. Children are encouraged to investigate and explore the questions in their free time and are asked once the answers have been found to chare with the rest of the class; a sense of involvement keeps the children motivated and feels valued. Many questions led to practical investigations being organised, the children were then able to investigate and learn through practical enquiry. Children learn through doing and experimenting however the teacher should scaffold their learning and let them experiment to come to their own conclusion. Bruner advocated that discovery learning encourages children to actively use their intuition, imagination, and creativity. (Ward et al, 2006, p. 12) Scientific observation is also a starting point for questions to be asked, by allowing the children to learn through observing with all their senses. When children are asked to observe objects, teachers can start byShow MoreRelated Motivating Students1933 Words   |  8 PagesI believe a classroom should be a sanctuary of learning in which the students know from the beginning what is expected of them and the teacher should discuss what is expected of her as a teacher. There needs to be an understanding amongst all involved with the children education. This understanding can lead to a fun filled adventurous classroom that encourages students to strive for the best. I believe when students and teachers are able to learn from each other, the learning environment can be successfulRead MoreGraduation Speech : Becoming A Teacher1539 Words   |  7 Pagesa teacher was not something that I thought of doing. It so happen that after receiving my degree in Criminal Justice, I had a change of career choice when my daughter entered Pre-K. This moment took me back to my first time when I started school in New York City and the amazing teachers that I came across took the time to push me to achieving my dreams at a young age. I was influenced by these talented teachers to work hard, never give up and the positivity of their words which have stuck with meRead MoreTeaching: Personal Philosophy and Tools Essay1187 Words   |  5 Pages Teaching is a lifelong learning process. It involves the learning of new strategies, philosophies, and methods. I can learn from colleagues, parents, classes, and from the students themselves. I want my students to take responsibility for their learning. I want to give them the tools to help become successful in their life. I think it is my responsibility to provide an educational environment that is encouraging and positive. As I reexamine my philosophy my belief that each child isRead MoreReligious Development Stages Essay1387 Words   |  6 Pageslevel. To be handed in at the School of Education office by 4.00 p.m. on the due date. An electronic copy should also be sent to the unit coordinator, Gerard.O’Shea@nd.edu.au Maria Montessori developed three developmental stages within the primary school setting. These stages serve as a guide and help teachers in considering the education approach they need to take. In order for children to achieve each of these stages they need to start with a foundation in order for teachers to reach higherRead MorePST210G Ass022243 Words   |  9 Pagesquality art program? When deciding to implement a quality art program into a school, we need to look at what importance and the role art education plays in the development of students. The Constitution has set out important outcomes that learners should achieve in general. These outcomes will guarantee that learners gain the abilities, knowledge, qualities and values that will allow them to contribute to their own success as well as the success of their families, communities and the country. TheRead MoreGenetic And Environmental Factors That Shape A Child s Development Essay1681 Words   |  7 Pagesdevelopmental norms and what will affect children. Then children can be given opportunities to experience all their skills to develop comprehensively and pay attention to the things that impact on them. Piaget (Berger, 1994) is a well know cognitive theorist whose concept of cognitive development placed great importance on early childhood education. Piaget’s theory has four specific stages. He deemed that children learn by actively involving themselves in their domain. Piaget is also linked toRead MoreAs â€Å"Jean Piaget† Once Said, â€Å"Knowledge Arises Neither From1546 Words   |  7 Pagesfrom objects nor child, but from interactions between the child and those objects.† (EDUC 16800, Professor Steve Sellarajah,PowerPoint, 2017). To acquire this knowledge and to learn, children play. In this fast pacing world we are so inclined to teach our children different concepts that we seem to forget that children learn from their play and its is also their basic right. The importance of play can be evaluated on the basis that Article 31 of the UN convention on the rights of the child stated thatRead MoreHow Does the Montessori Environment Facilitate and Encourage the Freedom of the Child?750 Words   |  3 PagesIn a Montessori classroom, a child is free to move about and explore the environment because with activity and movement comes learning. Movement, in fact, contributes not only to the physical, but also to the intellectual potential and spiritual development of the child. The child must have freedom achieved through order and self-discipline. The child in a Montessori environment can learn, discover and be creative. He has the freedom of choice and develops his individual interest. The child learnsRead MoreTiffany Dhanbeer. Phil/ Soc 202. Professor Ramaina Prashad.1384 Words   |  6 Pagesstatement of a teacher’s goals or belief. A teacher comes to the classroom with a distinctive set of principles and ideals that affect how a student learns and expand the child’s potential in his or her venture into knowledge. I believe that education should be active, and focus on the whole child, rather than just the content or the teacher. The three (3) principles I believe that work harmoniously with my educational philosophy are the teacher acting as a facilitator to foster critical thinking, allowingRead MoreDeveloping A Creative Classroom At The Center Of Learning1612 Words   |  7 Pagesthe student with opportunities of social and personal growth. One avenue of student-centered learning is emergent curriculum. Emergent curriculum takes place when teachers start to zero in on the interests of their students, engage them in open ended learning experiences and employ tools such as observation and reflection practices, monitoring a student’s interests in a particular topic that is being explored within their classroom. In order to try and understand the main idea or theme of emergent

The Fast Food Conspiracy Against Health Essay - 2513 Words

The Fast Food Conspiracy Against Health Most everyone who eats out is familiar with Jared, the man who claims to have lost three quarters of his body weight by eating what Subway wants you to believe is a balanced diet of fast food. In fact, this healthy image that Jared advertises is every fast food restaurant’s dream in terms of reeling in customers who are scared of cellulite. It is no secret that the fast food industry’s affect on society is an unhealthy one, but just how unhealthy is it and what else goes on beyond the counter that is never seen? Time is a major factor in the health of people. When meals are eaten, how often they are eaten, and how many are eaten all affect human health. Breakfast is not called†¦show more content†¦Take a minute to think about when the last time was you heard a breakfast sandwich added to the menus and compare that with how many new lunch and dinner items are added each month. For example, Long John Silver’s is conducting trials in order to discover the best methods of hypnotizing hungry people to choose fish over beef. In order to generate more business, the company is investing in more than just the typical television spots. Instead they are attempting to reach potential customers at â€Å"point of decision.† These are certain times and places during the day, specifically lunch and dinner, where consumers decide where they want to eat. We have some early indications from simulations we’ve done that [show] having advertising present when they’re thinking about making decisions has a real, significant impact on their purchasing patterns,† reported Armstrong (Cebrzynski 8). The fast food industries also plays off the working population. Knowing that the majority of people would rather not spend excessive amounts of time being unproductive while eating, fast food restaurants provide easy access to their grease and salt. With the advent of the drive through, customers can now order their meals from the comfort of their car, never moving a muscle, less the action it takes to roll down the window. This life style is excessivelyShow MoreRelatedObesity : What Is Eating Me?1218 Words   |  5 Pagesthat are killing us. Obesity is a symptom of a more important issue, the manipulation of our food source. We have reached the point in this country where eating a balanced diet does not ensure, nor equate t o good nutrition and health. Multinational corporations codify production, and processes the food that make people unhealthy; at a profit. In essence, what we eat may be what is eating away our health. The text states that, â€Å"obesity and being overweight are, in important ways, what many of usRead MoreSWOT Analysis: Mc Donald’s India Essay1322 Words   |  6 Pagesproposed venture’s SWOT analysis report. STRENGTHS: †¢ Good Taste: The fast food chain is operating in many diverse cultures where tastes in food are extremely different than those of US or Indian consumers. Thus ability to adapt to local taste is one of McDonald’s strengths. †¢ Brand Equity: McDonalds has built up huge brand equity. It is the no 1 fast food company in India these days by sales McDonalds India is a leader in the food retail space, with a presence of more than 310 restaurants servingRead MoreFood : A Large Part Of Food1458 Words   |  6 PagesProfessor Ledri- Aguilar English 124 24 September 2015 title For centuries, food has played a large part in the shaping of cultures where certain dishes are still regarded as sacred. Food (or lack of it) has also influenced many landmark events throughout history such as — the Irish Potato Famine of 1845, or the French Revolution, which was in part caused by food scarcity. Fast forward to the Twenty-First century, food is still affecting history, yet now it is massively impacting the entire globalRead MoreSo Sweet Essays1304 Words   |  6 Pagesconsequence. Nowadays people don’t have the time to eat organic foods and instead opted for the convenience of mass-produced, heavily processed and nutrient deprived fast foods and beverages. Most of these factory produced food products today are extremely sugary. That sugariness is a contributing factor to metabolic syndrome, diabetes, obesity and tooth decay. Many low calorie sugar substitutes have been developed, approved by the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) and consumed in l arge quantities byRead MoreThe Altria Group1412 Words   |  6 PagesThis company controls about half of the US tobacco market. This is also the parent company of Kraft Foods. I chose to do a paper on this particular company because of the practices of lies and deceit that it has followed for many years. Some of the behaviors that I find socially and ethically irresponsible are that the company continually down plays the addictiveness and severe risk to health that their product can cause. Over the years the company has been under scrutiny for many different thingsRead MoreThe Legal And Illegal Immigrants1726 Words   |  7 Pagesbelieve that protecting illegal immigrants would damage our economy they claim that enough people are already here and that too much immigration is bad for the country legally, culturally or economically. Some people might think that those who are against illegal immigration are racist, ignorant people, but this may not always be the case though, those people care about our economy growth and prosperity. The problem is that many immigrants do not follow the adequate immigration procedures. Our countryRead MoreObesity And Being Overweight : Common Worldwide Issues Around The World3283 Words   |  14 Pagesweight can seem effortless. Desirable junk/fast fo od or even irresistible fast food commercials can tempt you to do the unthinkable. We are all victims of this advertising war. Quick-service restaurants (QSR) generate these advertisements in hope to attract more consumers or to increase their popularity rates around town. These commercials bombard our state of mind only to convince us to buy unhealthy food for worthless money. The increase in fast food commercials in the U.S. has led to an increaseRead MoreIs Gun Control The Answer?1612 Words   |  7 Pagesprovided to them by, none other than those who carry guns. The argument that armed resistance against the federal government is suicidal at face value, obliviously. Nobody is suggesting an armed insurrection. It’s nothing I want anything to do with. Gun rights advocates comparing the War of Independence to current and past mistrust of the federal government is wrong. That was a foreign occupation. Conspiracy theorists, when the Social Security Administration began issuin g SSNs they were never intendedRead MoreCancer and Soy Protein Essay example1799 Words   |  8 Pagesa cancer health claim for soy protein in 2004. Solae argued, â€Å"There is scientific agreement among experts qualified by scientific training and experience to evaluate such claims regarding the relationship between soy protein products and a reduced risk of certain cancers.† The consensus does not exist. Many experts cautioned about health risks and soy protein’s carcinogenic potential from too much soy-food use. It is absurd that scientists could even consider soy for a cancer health claim. SoyRead MoreThe Plague Of Bubonic Plague1675 Words   |  7 PagesBubonic Plague Ellery Perez Health Science Technology  Made of a canvas outer garment coated in wax, as well as waxed leather pants, gloves, boots and hat. A dark leather hood and mask with a very grotesque curved beak (Jackie Rosenhek, 2011). A serial killer, Halloween costume perhaps or a cosplay outfit for a horror movie? No, a doctor actually is what this outfit was meant for. Doctors wore this attire in the medieval times in order to protect themselves from the bubonic plague. We ve all heard

Case Study Discussion and Analysis for Genetic-myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theCase Study Discussion and Analysis for Genetic Factors. Answer: The patient is a 68 years old male who is suffering from prostate cancer with an enlarged nodular asymmetrical prostate. The aim of this discussion is to describe the link between Ahmeds risk factors and aetiology related to the disease. The discussion will further consider the pathophysiology manifestations of prostate cancer, while justifying the recommended diagnostic tools and treatment modalities. Links between Patients Risk Factors and Aetiology As reflected in several researches, age is a major risk factor for the occurrence of prostate cancer. Other risk factors include dietary habits, lifestyle, race, genetic factors, and family history (Morigi et al., 2015). Considering the case of Ahmed, he is an African-American and 68 years old. In addition, he stated that 30 years ago his father died from prostate cancer. These factors have created major risks for Ahmed considering his age, race, and genetic factors. He is suffering from stage four malignant prostate mainly due to the mutation faced by the BRCA1 gene. Irrespective of many risk factors involved, there is no exact acknowledgment for what ends up causing prostate cancer (Taylor et al., 2010). Several factors might have developed the condition for Ahmed such as his age, his family history, and his race. Pathophysiology Manifestations In majority of the cases, the symptoms of prostate cancer do not become evident during the initial stages of the disease. There are different symptoms of cancer for different men and any of the symptoms may occur due to other conditions (Sylvester et al., 2007). Specifically, there are urinary symptoms of the disease. Due to the close distance of prostate gland to urethra and bladder, there can be accompany of prostate cancer by a number of urinary symptoms. Being highly dependent on the location and the size, a tumour may possibly pressurize and constrict the urethra that inhibits the urine flow. Some signs of prostate cancer in context with urination are as follows (Bill-Axelson et al., 2014): Blood consisting of urine Decreased velocity or flow or urine stream Loss in the control of bladder More frequent feeling of urination during night Difficulty in urination Pain or burning feel while urinating Prostate cancer has the ability of spreading across closer bones or tissues. If there is spreading of cancer across the spine, it is strongly pressed upon the spinal nerves (Baade et al., 2009). Other symptoms of prostate cancer is inclusive of additional bone, pain or numbness in the feet, legs, or hips, swelling in pelvic area or legs, pain during ejaculation, difficulty to gain erection, and blood in semen (Heidenreich et al., 2014b). As in the case of Ahmed, he has been dealing with pelvic pain and consistent weight loss since the last two months. He has to urinate at least five times during the night and on occasional basis, urine consists of blood. He complains about facing weak urine streams since a number of years. Justification of Diagnostic Tests and Treatment Modalities After the performance of digital rectal examination, an enlarged nodular, asymmetrical prostate was found and hence, there was requirement for further tests. The following diagnostic tests can be recommended in the case of Ahmed. Ultrasound: In case of raising concerns in other tests, there can be utilization of trans-rectal ultrasound for further evaluation of the prostate. This utilizes sound waves for obtaining view of the prostate gland (Klotz et al., 2014). Collection of prostate tissue as a sample: This considers the conduct of prostate biopsy involving the analysis of tissue sample for determining the presence of cancer cells. MRI Fusion: This is helpful for the conduct of prostate biopsy and further diagnosis (Kwon et al., 2014). There is a collaboration between radiologists and urologists for leveraging the technology of MRI fusion biopsy to yield the best imaging for caring for prostate cancer. Further ahead, it is necessary to determine the aggressive or passive nature of prostate cancer. The scale commonly used for the evaluation of cancer aggressiveness is known as Gleason Score. This involves the combination of two numbers while ranging between 2 and 10. The treatment of prostate cancer involves surgery for the removal of prostate gland that is known as radical prostatectomy. This involves the removal of some lymph nodes and surrounding tissue (Taylor et al., 2010). However, Ahmed is at stage 4 prostate cancer. There is no cure for stage 4 cancer but it can be treated with the objective of controlling the cancer as much as possible and improving the quality of life. The following treatment options are available for preventing or relieving symptoms like pain: hormone therapy with chemotherapy, external beam radiation, radical prostatectomy, surgery for symptoms like urinary obstruction or bleeding, active surveillance, and clinical trial for new treatments (Heidenreich et al., 2014a). Ahmed cancer can only be avoided not cured. References Baade, P. D., Youlden, D. R., Krnjacki, L. J. (2009). International epidemiology of prostate cancer: geographical distribution and secular trends.Molecular nutrition food research,53(2), 171-184. Bill-Axelson, A., Holmberg, L., Garmo, H., Rider, J. R., Taari, K., Busch, C., ... Andrn, O. (2014). Radical prostatectomy or watchful waiting in early prostate cancer.New England Journal of Medicine,370(10), 932-942. Heidenreich, A., Bastian, P. J., Bellmunt, J., Bolla, M., Joniau, S., van der Kwast, T., ... Mottet, N. (2014a). EAU guidelines on prostate cancer. Part 1: screening, diagnosis, and local treatment with curative intentupdate 2013.European urology,65(1), 124-137. Heidenreich, A., Bastian, P. J., Bellmunt, J., Bolla, M., Joniau, S., van der Kwast, T., ... Mottet, N. (2014b). EAU guidelines on prostate cancer. Part II: treatment of advanced, relapsing, and castration-resistant prostate cancer.European urology,65(2), 467-479. Klotz, L., Vesprini, D., Sethukavalan, P., Jethava, V., Zhang, L., Jain, S., ... Loblaw, A. (2014). Long-term follow-up of a large active surveillance cohort of patients with prostate cancer.Journal of Clinical Oncology,33(3), 272-277. Kwon, E. D., Drake, C. G., Scher, H. I., Fizazi, K., Bossi, A., Van den Eertwegh, A. J., ... Ng, S. (2014). Ipilimumab versus placebo after radiotherapy in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer that had progressed after docetaxel chemotherapy (CA184-043): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial.The lancet oncology,15(7), 700-712. Morigi, J. J., Stricker, P. D., van Leeuwen, P. J., Tang, R., Ho, B., Nguyen, Q., ... Hickey, A. (2015). Prospective comparison of 18F-fluoromethylcholine versus 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT in prostate cancer patients who have rising PSA after curative treatment and are being considered for targeted therapy.Journal of Nuclear Medicine,56(8), 1185-1190. Smith, D. P., King, M. T., Egger, S., Berry, M. P., Stricker, P. D., Cozzi, P., ... Armstrong, B. K. (2009). Quality of life three years after diagnosis of localised prostate cancer: population based cohort study.Bmj,339, b4817. Sylvester, J. E., Grimm, P. D., Blasko, J. C., Millar, J., Orio, P. F., Skoglund, S., ... Merrick, G. (2007). 15-Year biochemical relapse free survival in clinical Stage T1-T3 prostate cancer following combined external beam radiotherapy and brachytherapy; Seattle experience.International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics,67(1), 57-64. Taylor, B. S., Schultz, N., Hieronymus, H., Gopalan, A., Xiao, Y., Carver, B. S., ... Antipin, Y. (2010). Integrative genomic profiling of human prostate cancer.Cancer cell,18(1), 11-22.

Toyota Motor Manufacturing Usa Essay Example For Students

Toyota Motor Manufacturing Usa Essay Supply Chain and Operations Management Week 5 Toyota Motor Manufacturing USA Seat Problem Prepared by: Rod Wells Student ID: 21514178 1. As Doug Friesen, what would you do to address the seat problem? Where would you focus your attention and solution efforts? Why? Answer: Address the problem: Doug needs to bring together his production team leaders to discuss the issue and gather input as to their thoughts on the root cause. He needs to assign a team leader to solely take on this problem as his sole responsibility until it is resolved. Firstly a route cause analysis needs to be undertaken. Whether this is via a fish bone 5Y analysis or a Failure mode analysis etc doesn’t really matter as long as the most plausible root cause is determined. To undertake this analysis usually the quality team puts up a sub committee to work on this project. Once all plausible root causes are identified, then a weighting system is applied to each cause to determine the opportunity to solve the root causes with all associated costs captured. Focus Solutions: I would focus the attention firstly at the seat manufacturer (KFS). Clearly before the Camry model change there were not the quality issues that are evident now with the extra proliferation (including export). Discussions need to be had with the KFS management team and get them involved with the 5Y solution process. Secondly, Doug needs to go back to TMC in Japan and determine whether they really do have issues with the hook design. From my experience dealing with automotive OEM’s they tend to hide their issues! Finally, from the 5Y analysis it may be determined that the TMM seat team in Kentucky maybe (mistakenly) damaging the seats (hinted in the case) when fitting them. This may require a process design change to the fitment process. Again, the focus for this issue will be determine via the root cause analysis and this will then create the expected solution process. 2. What options exist? What would you recommend? Why? Answer: The options were discussed above in question 1, however to follow on from question 1, I would suggest that the following options are as follows: a) Complete 5Y analysis to determine all possible root causes for quality issues? a. Possible causes: i. Poor hook design i. Complications with increases in proliferation iii. Lack of input from seat supplier with increase in proliferation iv. Is tack time acceptable for seat installation (now that proliferation has increased) v. Identify why bolsters are being damaged Until the 5Y analysis is conducted the solutions cannot be defined. Refer to question 1 for further info. 3. Where, if at all, does the current routine for handling defective seats deviate from the principles of the Toy ota Production System? Answer The seat problem is currently not fixed through the standard TPS system via the Jidoka principle. The modified defective seat routine was made an exception to the standard practice of investigating problems on the line, even at the expense of shutting down the line, for three reasons, first, the final assembly people already knew of the problem; second, it was possible to finish building the car without seat assemblies; third, it was felt that stopping the line was too expensive given how long it took to obtain the replacement seat. 4. What is the real problem facing Doug Friesen? I think the real problem is TMM still trying to adjust to the Japanese TPS system. The TPS system took decades for Toyota to implement properly with many refinements over the years. In Japan, both the OEM and the Tier One are considered as part of the same family. This culture is foreign in the United States (as well as Australia). TMC has high demands on the TMM Kentucky team with high rates of finished product. I believe the extra proliferation undertaken because of the export program has caused the issues facing Doug Friesen!